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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS.pdf
The Declaration, proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations in Paris on 10 December 1948, was drafted by representatives of all regions of the world. It establishes, for the first time, fundamental human rights that should be protected in the whole world.
Preamble Whereas freedom, justice and peace in the world are based on the recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family;
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts detrimental to the conscience of mankind, and that has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of man, the advent of a world in which human beings, freed from fear and want, and enjoy the freedom of speech and freedom of beliefs;
Considering essential that human rights should be protected by the rule of Law, that the man did not see compelled the supreme resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression;
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations among nations;
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter, reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life within a broader concept of freedom;
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the Organization of the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and effective to the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full implementation of this commitment;
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims this UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that both individuals and institutions, constantly inspired by her, promote, through teaching and education, respect for these rights and freedoms, and to ensure that, by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their recognition and universal application and observance, both among the peoples of Member States as between those of the territories placed under its jurisdiction.
Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, they are endowed with reason and conscience, they should act towards each other. Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion or any other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made based on the political status, legal or international country or territory under whose jurisdiction a person belongs, whether it is an independent country, as of a territory under trusteeship, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3. Every individual has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel treatment or punishment, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6. Every human being has a right, in all parties, to the recognition of its legal personality. Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8. Every person has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national courts, for protection against acts that violate his fundamental rights recognized by the constitution or by law.
Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing, and with justice by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations, or to the examination of any criminal charge against him in criminal matters.
Article 11. 1. Every person accused of a crime has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. 2. No one will be condemned for acts or omissions that at the time of commission were not criminal under national Law or international. Nor heavier penalty be imposed than was applicable at the time of the commission of the crime.
Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour or reputation. Every person has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13. 1. Every person has the right to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a State. 2. Every person has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14. 1. In case of persecution, every person has the right to seek asylum, and to enjoy, in any country. 2. This right may not be invoked against a court action actually caused by crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15. 1. Every person has the right to a nationality. 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality or of the right to change nationality.
Article 16. 1. The men and women of marriageable age have the right, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, to marry and to found a family, and are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and in case of dissolution of marriage. 2. Only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses may contract marriage. 3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17. 1. Every person has a right to the property, individually and collectively. 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18. Every person has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, as well as the freedom to manifest his religion or belief, individually and collectively, both in public and in private, in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19. Every individual has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes that of not being disturbed because of their opinions, that of investigating and receiving information and opinions, and that of disseminating them, without limitation of borders, by any means of expression.
Article 20. 1. Every person has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. 2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21. 1. Every person has the right to participate in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. 2. Every person has the right of access, in conditions of equality, to public service in his country. 3. The will of the people is the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be held periodically, by universal and equal suffrage and by secret vote or by equivalent free voting.
Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security, and to obtain, through national effort and international cooperation, taking due account of the organization and resources of each State, to the satisfaction of economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Article 23. 1. Every person has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 2. Every person has the right, without discrimination, to equal pay for equal work. 3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. 4. Every person has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Article 24. Every person has the right to rest, leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25. 1. Every person has the right to a standard of living adequate, as well as to his family, the health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services; it has also the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other cases of loss of their means of subsistence by circumstances independent of his will. 2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26. 1. Every person has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in regard to the statement elementary and fundamental. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally; the access to higher education will be the same for all, the basis of merit. 2. Education shall aim at the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial or religious groups, and shall further the development of the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. Article 27. 1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits as a result. 2. Every person has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests that may correspond by reason of any scientific, literary or artistic, that is the author. Article 28. Every person has the right to establish a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29. 1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality. 2. In the exercise of their rights and in the enjoyment of his freedoms, everyone shall be only subject to the limitations established by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. 3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person, to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration.
